Taw qhia
Txais tos rau lub ntiaj teb fascinating ntawm electronics! Hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, peb tuaj hla ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li TVs, khoos phis tawj, xov tooj ntawm tes - tag nrho cov cuab yeej no tau tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ke hauv kev npaj zoo. Cov kab lus no yog txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau qhov nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus no, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov pib tshiab thiab cov neeg nyiam kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem cib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Hom Electronic Cheebtsam
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, txhua tus muaj lawv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cia peb txheeb xyuas ob peb ntawm lawv:
Resistor: Nws inhibits qhov ntws ntawm electrons, yog li tswj qhov tam sim no lossis tsim kom muaj qhov poob qis.
Capacitor: Cov no yog siv los khaws thiab tso tawm lub zog, ua haujlwm zoo li lub roj teeb.
Transistor: Transistor ua raws li kev hloov pauv thiab lub suab nrov. Nws tuaj yeem tig qhov kev tawm tswv yim qis rau hauv cov zis ntau dua, yog li siv dav hauv cov teeb liab amplification.
Diode: Nws tso cai rau tam sim no ntws mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thiab thaiv nws nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv.
Ua haujlwm Amplifier: Kuj hu ua op-amp, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua lej, ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob analog.
Resistor Array: Nws yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam resistors hauv ib pob. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog lus, ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau koj cov kev xav tau kev tiv thaiv.
Logic Rooj vag: Cov no yog lub tsev thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob digital, pab kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm zoo, xws li THIAB, LOSSIS, TSIS, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj nuj nqi ntawm Basic Electronic Cheebtsam
Cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem ua qhov tsis meej rau cov pib tshiab, tab sis lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub. Nov yog cov luag haujlwm uas lawv ua:
Resistor: Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv rau qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm siab txhais tau tias tsis tshua muaj tam sim no, thiab vice versa. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv circuits los tswj tus nqi ntawm tam sim no.
Capacitor: Muaj nuj nqi raws li lub sij hawm luv luv lub zog cia tivthaiv hauv Circuit Court; nws tsub kom thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws thiab tawm nws tus kheej thaum lub Circuit Court tsis tiav.
Transistor: Nws hloov lossis ua kom cov zis hluav taws xob. Ib qho me me tam sim no ntawm nws lub hauv paus tswj cov tam sim no loj dua ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov emitter leads.
Diode: Nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txo cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev khiav ntawm tus nqi. Diodes tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li lub rectifier, uas hloov AC rau DC.
Ua haujlwm Amplifier: Op-amps tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog tsis muaj zog ua rau lawv haum rau hauv suab, video, thiab teeb liab ua.
Resistor Array: Lawv yooj yim tuav ntau qhov kev tawm tsam thoob plaws ntau lub voj voog.
Logic Gates: Raws li lub hauv paus tsev blocks ntawm digital circuits, cov rooj vag no pab tsim cov khoom siv digital xws li computer processors thiab nco.
Hom ntawmController Boards
Microcontrollers yog lub plawv ntawm txhua yam khoom siv digital, tswj txhua txoj haujlwm ua los ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cov microcontrollers no muaj nyob rau hauv Circuit Court board hu ua Controller Board. Nov yog qee qhov kev siv cov tswj vaj huam sib luag:
Tib Board: Single Board Computers (SBC) yog hom thawj thawj ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag uas muaj ib lub rooj sib tham nrog txhua yam tsim nyog los ua lub computer.
Arduino: Arduino boards yog ua raws li Atmel's AVR microcontrollers thiab tau siv dav hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm thiab kev tsim qauv vim tias lawv cov programming yooj yim thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv nplua nuj peripheral.
Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi yog lub rooj tsav xwm me me, muaj zog, thiab muaj ntau yam kev tswj hwm uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li koj lub PC desktop. Nws yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev pheej yig.
Micro: Ibyog lub khoos phis tawj me me uas tsim los qhia cov neeg siv rau coding thiab kho vajtse sib cuam tshuam. Nws nta LED teeb pom kev zoo, cov nyees khawm, sensors, thiab ntau lub peev xwm tawm tswv yim / tso tawm uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam nrog lub cev. Nws yog ntau yam cuab yeej uas siv tau los txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab pab lawv nkag siab txog lub zog ntawm kev siv tshuab hauv ntiaj teb tiag. Micro:Bit tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau tus lej hloov kho thiab cov cuab yeej xws li Microsoft MakeCode, Micro:Bit Python Editor, thiab mobile apps, ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov pib pib coding. Qhov tseeb version ntawm Micro:Bit muaj cov yam ntxwv ntxiv xws li lub suab hnov thiab muaj peev xwm ua si. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Micro:Bit yog lub cuab yeej kev kawm muaj zog uas qhia cov neeg siv rau kev coding thiab kho vajtse sib cuam tshuam hauv kev lom zem thiab koom nrog.
FAQ
FAQs yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los teb cov lus nug uas cov neeg pib lossis cov neeg nyiam tuaj yeem muaj txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim. Nov yog qee qhov:
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob?Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li resistor, capacitor, diode thiab lwm yam.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus resistor yog dab tsi?Ib tug resistor txwv tsis pub khiav ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib tug Circuit Court, muab kev tiv thaiv.
Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau lub diode?Diodes yog siv los tswj cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev khiav ntawm hluav taws xob.
Transistor ua dab tsi?Ib qho transistor, ua haujlwm raws li kev hloov pauv lossis lub suab nrov, tswj cov tam sim no loj nrog ib qho me me.
Thaum twg logic rooj vag siv?Cov rooj vag logic yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob digital xws li computer processors thiab nco.
Xaus
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav, nkag siab txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, lawv hom, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov cim cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg uas xav kawm txog hluav taws xob - nws yog ib tus neeg nyiam ua haujlwm, tub ntxhais kawm, lossis cov kws tshaj lij. Nrog rau cov lus qhia no, peb cia siab tias yuav ua kom cov ntsiab lus no yooj yim dua rau koj. Nco ntsoov, txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws uas peb xav tsis thoob hnub no, pib ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes mus rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes, yog tsim los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim no. Yog li cia kev kawm, nyob xav paub, thiab muaj kev lom zem tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb zoo heev ntawm electronics!